Cognitive Dissonance And Its Effects On Our Lives - 956 Words

Cognitive Dissonance In psychology, we are learning about the human mind and how we respond to situations, as well as other people in our environment. One concept psychologists are still trying to understand is why do we feel the need to justify actions, thoughts, or ideas that we have that are different from others’? Why are we afraid of failure and not very accepting of being wrong? The class was previously assigned to read an article of two psychologists’ views on these issues and try to explain what strives these behaviors. The reading was very interesting to read and I fully enjoyed it. The selection provided solid, as well as common examples of how cognitive dissonance affects our daily lives and when this might be a factor. In all honesty, it really surprises me as to how far we will actually go to justify our actions in order to prevent rejection and reduce this mental discomfort. To think people will convince themselves to think certainly of something more, just because they can not change their final choice is actually really shocking. To me it seems as though we are just protecting ourselves mentally when we really should be honest with ourselves. Just think about it, what would help us out more in the end? Lying to ourselves to justify our typically wrong decisions to prevent temporary rejection, or just straight up say it’s wrong and be a better person altogether? I can provide two examples as to when cognitive dissonance was present in my own personalShow MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive dissonance can be described as the feeling of discomfort resulting from holding two conflicting beliefs. It can also be said to be the mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information. A well-known psychologist Leon Festinger (1919–89), introduced this concept in the late 1950s where he proved that, when confronted with challenging new information; most people are observed to preserve their current understanding of the world by rejecting or avoidingRead MoreCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead More Cognitive Dissonance Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagessocial event. While deciding to go to the party instead, it leads me in a state of tension as the party time can be well spent on studying for the final exam next morning. This state of uneasiness or tension is easily understood as Cognitive Dissonance. Cognitive Dissonance Theory, developed by Leon Festinger (1957), is concerned with the relationships among cognitions (Festinger, 1957). In this context, cognition can be perceived as a piece of knowledge that may inscribe an element of an attitude,Read MoreMistakes Were Made By Me, By Carol Travis And Elliot Aronson1252 Words   |  6 PagesMistakes Were Made (but not by me) Mistakes Were Made (but not by me) by Carol Travis and Elliot Aronson is a book about the definition of cognitive dissonance, how it affects people’s lives and how certain situations and reactions effects the lives of people in various aspects, the different aspects it has in certain situations and how we react to it. Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs whenever a person who holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent. For example, inRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 Pageshad learned during our class, known as post-decision cognitive dissonance. Later I would experience firsthand the concept of stereotype threat and conformity effect; both in a negative way, which would lead to my final resignation. This paper will explain several key terms that have are essential to social psychology; while also connecting them to a real life event that demonstrates their practicality in usage. Continuing on, when describing post-decision cognitive dissonance, it is best to giveRead MoreApplied Social Psychology On Psychology981 Words   |  4 Pages 2 Applied social psychology is one way that psychologist can study our thought, feeling and belief, and how we function around each other, in our everyday lives, here are the five issues that I will be addressing in my literature review they are social influence, Attribution Theory, Group polarization, Cognitive dissonance theory, and Observational Learning. Social applied psychology has been shown to dominant theories and practices of managementRead MoreThe Abuse Of Methamphetamine : Fear And Drive Reduction Model, Disruptions By Shock Tactics And Cognitive Dissonance Strategy872 Words   |  4 PagesThe drug abuse literally destroyed their lives and the community. The rate of children in foster care rose drastically because meth destroyed families and made everyday interactions unbearable. In this paper, we will address three strategies to combat the abuse of meth: Fear and Drive Reduction model, Disruption by shock tactics and Cognitive Dissonance strategy. We will see these methods in use campaign against and increase awareness of the ail effects of meth in order to get people serious aboutRead MoreHow Pragmatism Would Be Appealing For A Wide Audience Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesrapidly changing. Additionally, the concepts put forth were much more comprehensible to novices in philosophy. For example, the main concept put forth by Mr. Charles S. Peirce the father of pragmatism in the text entitled How to Make Our Ideas Clear states, â€Å"that our beliefs are really rules for action†. It was a concise and elegant concept that allowed for mass appeal. However, I believe it would have been best if pragmatism had been thought of as the initiation process that helped us gain understandingRead MoreLeon Festinger s Theory Of Cognitive Dissonance1855 Words   |à ‚  8 PagesLeon Festinger s theory of cognitive dissonance (1957) sets its meaning on the theory that behavior does not support the attitude or vice versa. At many times individuals see themselves experiencing this phenomenon, so in order to reduce this dissonance, either the attitude or the behavior needs to be altered or changed. A perfect example would have to be when a white person says that black and whites are all the same yet he/she would not want to live in a neighborhood with the majority of the populationRead MoreHow Pragmatism Would Be Appealing For A Wide Audience Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pageshelp adapt to a world that was so rapidly changing, but also because the concepts put forth are much more comprehensible to a novice in philosophy. You have for, example the main concept put forth in How to Make Our Ideas Clear. by Mr. Charles S. Peirce the father of pragmatism, â€Å"that our beliefs are really rules for action† It is a concise and elegant concept that all ows for mass appeal. This view however, should be viewed as providing clarification or the start of a process in hopes that we gain

The Iron Mill By Rebecca Harding Davis - 997 Words

In Life in the Iron Mills, Rebecca Harding Davis tells the story of Hugh Wolfe, a lower-class man whose love of beauty and desire to move up in the world ultimately leads to his mental decline and demise. Wolfe lives in a town of smothering grey smog and works in an iron mill reminiscent of Hell, places that induce hopelessness and despair by appearance. In contrast to his surroundings, Wolfe possesses a fierce love of beauty and a talent of sculpting with korl, both of which are frequently associated with higher socioeconomic classes. Initially, it appears that Davis means to reinforce the common associations of beauty with the upper class and unseemliness with the lower class. In the story, beauty can be associated with the upper class characters through their polished appearances and admiration of art, inciting a positive association in response to beautiful imagery; unseemliness, on the other hand, can be associated with the lower class and negative feelings because the mill is reminiscent of hell and the characters are generally unattractive. However, when looked at with a closer lens, it appears the story cannot be taken at face value and the typical feelings surrounding beauty and ugliness do not apply in the story. Appearances can be deceiving: within Life in the Iron Mills, ugliness represents opportunity whereas the beauty serves as a distraction. By juxtaposing unsightly and attractive, Davis shows that mobility is possible only through unattractive, hard workShow MoreRelatedThe Iron Mills By Rebecca Harding Davis Essay1831 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout Cultural Perspectives, many influential texts have been read, analyzed, and discussed. One text, Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis, integrates the thoughts of quite a few authors that have been discussed this semester. Through employing a Marxist view of history—there are always the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have-nots†Ã¢â‚¬â€one can see that Life in the Iron Mills exemplifies the struggles that face many â€Å"have-not† citizens throughout history. One can then see the clear connections toRead MoreLife in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis797 Words   |  3 PagesSimilar to other critics, â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills† by Rebecca Harding Davis, is a sentimental story with an ending that changes the tone of the story. As suggested by the majority of this text, there was not to be a favorable ending for the characters as the narrator portrays them so pessimistically; the very first passage begins â€Å"Is this the end? O Life, as futile, then, as frail! What hope of answer is redress?† (p.51). The text might have had a more completed ending with the protagonist, HughRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Iron Mill By Rebecca Harding Davis1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution was a time of invention, progress and opportunity. However, there was also a darker side to it all. Rebecca Harding Dav is, author of Life in the Iron Mills, tells the story of ironworker Hugh Wolfe from a first-person narrator’s point of view. This unnamed narrator of an unspecified gender is part of the more privileged class of society. This person resides in the house that the two protagonists of the story, Hugh and Debora Wolfe, used to live in. The higher-ups of thisRead MoreThis essay is an analysis of the story the Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis.1820 Words   |  8 PagesIn Life in the Iron Mills Rebecca Harding Davis reveals a growing industrial America in the nineteenth century, where an unbelievable level of poverty and limited opportunities of achieving success can cause individuals to take extreme risks to attain a descent lifestyle. Through the novella, Davis illustrates the distinct differences between upper and lower class lifestyles. Immigrant workers, Debora (lovingly called Deb) and Hugh, take the reader to a time when people were used as productionRead More Essay On Life In The Iron Mills1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe modern implications of class can be seen as a general word for groups or group distribution that has become more common. Rebecca Harding Davis’s short story Life in the Iron Mills, together with Raymond Williams’s entry Class delineates the oppressed lower class in a vivid and moving way, exemplifying the impact of social divisions on oppressed working labourers. Davis â€Å"embodies a grim, detailed portrayal of laboring life† (Pistelli 1) with an articulate correlation of Williams’s entry ClassRead MoreLiterary Realism Of The Iron Mills And The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe reader, social injustice may be dealt with. Two examples that use form to reach the end goal of compassion are Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills uses an embedded narrative to tell the story of Deb and Hugh, and the daily struggles of Deb’s life. Life in the Iron Mills was written in 1861, two years prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. The goal of this story is to feel compassionRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers And Flannery O Connor s Good Country People Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesoppression of women, there is much that can be learned by looking back at problematic situations portrayed by women writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Out of all of the texts written by women only three will be discussed; Rebecca Harding Davis’s Life in the Iron-Mills, Susan Glaspell’s A Jury of Her Peers and Flannery O’Connor’s Good Country People, in which specific symbols are used as representations of the ways in which women were oppressed and how important it is to study these texts todayRead MoreThe Reception And Influence Of Rebe cca Harding Davis2118 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need to speak out for others, especially the lower classes. However, Rebecca Harding Davis observed the suffering of all humanity and decided to give everyone a voice through her writings. Throughout her career, Davis wrote an innumerable amount of works advocating for equal rights among all people, right up until her death in 1910. The following paper will analyze and discuss the reception and influence that Rebecca Harding Davis’s works of literary realism had on the hierarchy of society, in relationRead MoreFeminism During 19th Century American Short Stories4097 Words   |  17 PagesShort Stories Research Question: How is feminism revealed through the divergence of women’s roles in society and their own personal desires in the American short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†? Introduction Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent during the Victorian era, or around the latter part of the 19th century. This isRead MoreRealism In Life In The Iron Mills1604 Words   |  7 PagesLife in the Iron Mills is a novella that is hard to classify as a specific genre. The genre that fits the most into this novella is realism, because of the separation of classes, the hard work that a person has to put into their every day life to try and make a difference, and the way society influences the actions of people and their relationships. However, no matter what genre is specifically chosen, there will be other genres present that contradict the genre of choice. While the novella shows

Criminal Justice System Free Essays

The criminal justice system is a complex system with many components all of which operate with a process that allows for equitability for all citizens. It is a system that allows for crime reporting procedures and gives everyone the opportunity to seek justice through a proven, honest system rather than vigilantly justice. It is not a perfect system, but it does work more often than not. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a system with numerous checks and balances at varying levels of government. It is formulated on the principles and beliefs of the founders of this country and has endured the test of time. To ensure a flexible and fair system that will grow with an ever changing country, the system modifies as needed through constitutional amendments Components of the Criminal Justice System Within our modern and sophisticated government are intricate components of the criminal justice system. Within this system, at every level is a specific and deliberate process governed by law established by our forefathers. There are elements within this system incorporating major crime reporting procedures. There are varying criteria for crime reporting; some are better than others, but all reporting procedures are designed to bring criminals to justice The criminal justice system essentially has three main components consisting of law enforcement, the court system, and the correctional system. Law enforcement consists of police at many varying tiers of a complex system. Some of these police are your local or county police, sheriffs, state and federal law enforcement officers. The court system is a system that supports law enforcement, but it is designed to assist the defendant’s or alleged criminals also. This system has to be impartial in order to maintain its credibility on both sides of the law with prosecutors and defendants both represented equally within the system and its laws. The corrections system is designed to punish criminals and keep dangerous people separate from the rest of society. It is a system with a life cycle which follows a convicted criminal from verdict to release from an institution. The criminal justice process, which takes place within the system, is very methodical and organized. According to Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt (2013), â€Å"Criminal justice is a process, involving a series of steps beginning with a criminal investigation and ending with the release of a convicted offender from correctional supervision. Rules and decision making are at the center of this process†. Most importantly in this process are the rules and decisions which are governed through documents as old as our county. These documents provide the guidelines which prosecutors and defendants use and governs law enforcement, court system and the penal systems at all levels. How to cite Criminal Justice System, Papers

Different Style, Diffrent Register free essay sample

Does style influence register or register influence style? Language is an interesting topic to discuss. Basically, Language is defined as a system of communication by sound, I. E. , through the organs of speech and hearing, among human beings of certain group or community, using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanly. [l] It means people use language to communicate and socialize among them. Language can be studied internally or externally.Internal discussion of language encompasses the structure of language such as phonological, rapscallion and syntactic structures. External discussion of language, on the other hand, discusses about the factors outside of language which relate to Its users such as sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics derived from the words socio and linguistics, so sociolinguists Is a linguistic field which deals with language relate to social context and cultural phenomenon. Its like what Hudson says in his book. He defined sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society. 2] Then, Trudging said that Sociolinguistics is that part of linguistics which is concerned with language as a social and cultural phenomenon. [3] There are many topics in sociolinguistics are interesting to discuss further. One of the interesting topics to discuss Is variety of language. Hudson states that variety of language Is defined as a set of linguistics items with similar social Based on the definition, register and style are varieties of language. Register is a variety of language based on the use. Style, on the contrary, is a variety of language based on the formality.Since two varieties are different-based, it leads confusion that both influence each other. In addition, in mom references, the term register is always hand-in-hand with the term style. Therefore, this essay will try to solve the confusion between the two varieties, In an attempt to answer the question of does register Influence style or style Influence Despite this apparent simplicity of this question, It Is actually a register. Considerable amount of information to synthesize before coming to conclusion. The first thing to know is the concept of Register.Then, I try to explain the concept of Style and finally try to see the correlation between register and style whether they influence each other or not. The first item to discuss is the concept of register. The term Register is widely used In sociolinguistics to refer to Varlets of language according to use. [5] This variety of language relates to certain use or function. Another definition mentioned by Holmes is that register refers to the language of groups of people with common interests or Jobs, or the language used in situation associated with such group. 6] Moreover, Hardware states that registers are sets of vocabulary items associated with discrete occupational or social groups. [7] From the wow definitions, it is clear that register refers to vocabulary which deals with Job. Surgeons, Lorene pilots, Journalists, programmers and criminals tend to have and grammatical constructions. One example mentioned by Holmes in her book the language used by people who describe a sporting event which can be distinguished easily from language used in other contexts especially in the vocabulary.In cricket, people describe positions by using terms like silly mid on, square leg, the covers and gully and describe deliveries by using terms like off-break, googol and leg break. [8] There are some purposes of using registers. Brown states Registers sometimes enable people to identify with a particular group and to maintain solidarity. [9] The use of registers is to show groups identity, for example colleagues talk by using medical terms, they must be workers in medical field such as doctors, nurses, or midwives. Moreover, he says register is also sometimes associated with social class distinction. 10] This means registers can distinguish ones social class, for example educated people will have different registers from uneducated people and rich people will also have different registers from poor people. The notion of register presents the interface between the use of specific code and a particular configuration of situational variables. One way of pinpointing a register is to identify a communicative event along the dimensions. [11] Holiday distinguishes three general types of dimension: field, mode and tenor. 12] The three dimensions will be discusses point by point. The first point of dimensions is field. Field is social setting and purpose of the interaction. [13] Moreover, Hudson stated field is concerned with the purpose and subject-matter the communication. [14] From the wow opinions, it is clear that field deals with the purpose of interaction. In the case of an academic article in a professional Journal, for example, the field should be the subject matter of the article, and the purpose in publishing it would be to spread the argument and ideas among academic colleagues. 1 5] The second point is tenor. Tenor depends on the relations between participants. [16] In addition, Stockpile mentioned that tenor refers to the relationship between the participants in the event. [17] For example, when a student is talking too teacher, an offender too police officer, an office worker to a superior, or a parent to an infant (baby talk). Here register is generally a marker of formality or intimacy. The last dimension is mode. Mode refers to the medium of communication (e. G. Spoken, written or e- mailed). 18] The same opinion is also stated by Hudson. He stated that mode refers to the means by which communication takes place notably, by speech or writing. [19] It is clear that mode relates to medium of interaction. For example, an academic article is in the written mode. Changing this to the spoken mode would change the sister from an article to a speech, and there would be corresponding and differences in the lexicographer; the sentences are shorter and word choice is less formal and perhaps less technical. 20] The three dimensions operate alongside and only when working together can they ensure appropriateness of situation. In other words, register is a variety of language that a language user considers appropriate to a specific situation. [21] The concept of style is the second item to discuss. The term style is not a social or regional dialect, but a variety of language used for a specific purpose. Styles vary considerably within a single language users dialect. When you converse informally with a friend, you use different style than you use in an interview for a Job with a prospective employer. 22] Moreover, Holmes style is a variety of language based on the formality. When people speak, they can speak very formally or very informally. Ceremonial occasions almost invariably require very formal speech, public lecturers somewhat less formal, casual conversation quite informal, and conversation between intimates on matters of little importance may be extremely informal and casual. 24] That means the formality depends on situation. Joss as quoted by Brown described five levels of formality. 1 .An oratorical style is used in public speaking before a large audience; wording is carefully planned in advance, intonation is somewhat exaggerated, and numerous rhetorical devices are appropriate. 2. A deliberative style is also used in addressing audience, usually audiences too large to permit effective interchange between speakers and hearers, although the forms are normally not as polished as those in an oratorical style. A typical university classroom lecture is often carried out n a deliberate style. 3. A consultative style is typically dialogue, though formal enough that words are chosen with some care.Business transaction, doctor-patient conversation, and the like are usually consultative in nature. 4. Casual conversations are between friends or colleagues or sometimes members of a family; in this context words need not be guarded and social barriers are moderately low. 5. An intimate style is one characterized by complete absence of social inhibitions. Talk with family, loves one, and very close friends, where the inner self is revealed, is usually in an intimate style. 25] It is clear that in which condition people involved determines the level of formality or style of speaking.Furthermore, Holmes in her book explained some things to consider related to style such as the influence of addressee on the speakers language and the feature of speech style in a range of context. [26] In the context of the influence of addressee on the speakers language, Holmes stated there are some factors determine the style such as social distance or solidarity, age, and social background of addressee. Social distance refers to how well you know someone and how close you feel to them. 27] That means more intimate relationship, more informal conversation you have with the addressee.The factor of age deals with to whom you speak. People talk differently to children and to adults though some adjust their speech style or accommodate more than others. [28] That is clear that the age influences the style of someones speech. People will speak more formal when they speak to older people and, on the other hand, they will speak more informal when they speak to younger one. When a father talks to his baby, for instance, he will use simple range of vocabulary and less complex grammar so the baby can understand his speech.The last factor social background of addressee relates to the people you speak to. It is based on the social class of addressee, not the age. The case of this factor was shown by newsreaders on different radio stations in New Zealand. The news is the same and the concept is identical except for one factor the addressee. So the same person reading the news on the middle-level station reads in a very much less formal than on the higher brow radio station. [29] The case is clear enough to describe the different style of speech towards different social class.In other words, people use more formal style of speech when they speak to higher class people or community. In addition, related to the feature of speech style in a range of context, Holmes also mentioned some factors to differentiate the audience. Setting refers to the place where the conversation held. Holmes stated that the choice of appropriate form is influenced not by the personal relationship between the participants, but by the formality of the context and their relative roles and statues within that setting. [30] That means different setting will influence the level of formality.Although how close the relationship of a speaker and addressee, they will speak formally if they speak in a formal setting such as at law court. The factor the existence of audience deals with peoples attention to the speech. Holmes claimed that the basis for the distinction between the styles was the amount of attention people were paying to their speech. [31] Moreover, Spooky stated that the more attention we pay to our language and so the more we are likely conform to the favored and educated norms of our society. [32] It shows that the more people pay attention to the speech, the more formal conversation they have.Holmes also gave the example for this factor such as in case of interviewer. The category of style is not only for spoken discourse, but style also can apply to written discourse. The difference of the two discourses is the addressee. The spoken discourse is addressed to listener who can respond immediately and, on the contrary, the written discourse is addressed to readers who cannot respond immediately. [33] The readers should read the long stretches of discourse such as books, essay, and also letter from the beginning until the end before giving a response.