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Criminal Justice Midterm Essay Example

Criminal Justice Midterm Essay Example Criminal Justice Midterm Essay Criminal Justice Midterm Essay Many people of history lived in limited geographical colonies that were independent, close-knit entities called: Question 5 In the 1 asses the security personnel providing protections for the American Express Company were known as shotgun riders. Question 6 What type of model of policing that has evolved in the U. S. Is where there is no national police force and many local and state agencies? Question 7 Jim Crow laws originated in the Southern states as means of segregating the races, but they soon became popular in the Northern states as well Question 8 The U. S government structure is tactically described as a(n): Question 9 1 out Of 1 points A society formal attempt to obtain compliance with the established rules, regulations, and law of that society is called: Question 10 The primary policing function in the U. S. Is to : Question 11 Article IV of the U. S. Constitution that states the individuals states shall not make any laws that AR contrary to those laws outlined by the IS. S. Constitution Question 12 O Out Of 1 points Which of these is considered to be a formal mechanism for social control? Question 13 The system of government founded on the principle of the rule of the people is called: Question 14 According to Luther Click, an individuals span of control should be relatively small, no more than a few people. Question 15 Many of the first police department in the U. S. Were structured after the Metropolitan Police of London. Question 16 Legislative branch officials include the President of the United States at the federal level, governors at the state level, and mayors at the local level. Question 17 Police departments are typically organized so that personnel functions determine organizational division. Question 18 There is evidence that organizational theory, or issues surrounding the practice of organizing, was present during the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Question 19 Most social control problems can be solved by passing and enforcing criminal laws. Question 20 The system theory perspective is one that recognizes multiple factors within the organization in an attempt to identify which factors are most relevant the impact of said factors and viewed as open systems. Question 21 The contingent leadership model suggests that patrol officers and supervisor are both leaders and can learn skills to become more effective at leading. Question 22 1 out of 1 point Female police officers were originally hired with the intent that they would assist in the problems related to women and juveniles. Question 23 The Judicial branch of the U. S. Government typically reviews the actions Of police offices during which judicial proceeding? Question 24 The theory that organizational arrangements in a structural sense, much like map and the subject of scrutiny includes how an organization should be structured, task division, personnel assignment control levels is called Scientific Management Theory. Question 25 When police officers attempt to follow the spirit-of the law the means: Question 26 Service as a night watchman or constable was primarily a voluntary duty of the adults males of the community in colonial America. Question 27 It is generally believed by most criminal justice professionals that a greater number of laws in society will lead to a greater respect for the law and a more orderly society. Question 28 During the reconstruction Period following the Civil War, many states in the South began to enact laws that specifically spelled out the rights and responsibilities of the newly freed slaves; these laws were called : Reformation Codes. Question 29 When a law enforcement officers responsible ¶y and right to investigate is limited ( or restricted) by laws to certain matters, it called : Question 30 As of 2000, there were approximately how many local and state levels sworn police officers in the U. S.. Question 31 Originally, vigilantism was based on the premise of self-preservation and self- retention and it was Often encouraged and supported by the best Of citizens. Question 32 All of these are federal law enforcement agencies except: Question 33 A process by which society encourage or enforces compliance with social norms, customs, and laws is called: Question 34 The judicial branch of the government reviews the actions of police officials according to the established rules of constitutional law, criminal procedure, and evidence. Question 35 Which city has the largest local level police department in the U. S. : Question 36 Although she was not the first female police officer in the U. S. Tit full police powers, Alice Stabbing Well was the first president of the International Association of Policewomen in 1915. Question 37 One of the more important theorists was Frederick Taylor was developed the Scientific Management Theory that focused on breading down tasks into its smallest parts to determine the most efficient ways of performing the task. Question 38 The is an approach that views behavior from a rule based philosophy, in that the lava is p aramount, and it is guide for behavior that everyone must allow. Question 39 Frederick Taylor was the primary advocate of an organizational theory known as bureaucracy. Question 40 The size of an organization and the role of an organization are directly related to the way it is organized. Question 41 Weepers main purpose for scientific management was to directly link skill and productivity to pay. Question 42 Which Constitutional Amendment indicated that the power not delegated to the U. S. By the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people ( Hint: states rights amendment)? Question 43 Which of these was function of vigils (night watchers) appointed by Augustus in Rome?

Leadership Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Philosophy - Essay Example Since the attitudes of the nursing staff can have such a far reaching effect, it is important to ensure as much as possible that this is a positive effect. Though it is not possible to enforce that each member of a nursing staff has the exact same attitude and manner towards patients, doctors, relatives, and other nurses, there are steps that can be taken from the nursing leaders that can help make the best possible environment. No one really ever wants to be in a situation that requires the aid of a nurse, and it is important to remember that even though patients need the help given to them, they don’t deserve to be made to feel as though they are burdensome. One style of leadership is referred to as democratic or participatory. In this style, all of the members of a team are given one vote in regards to decisions affecting their work environment. This model of leadership is modeled after our U.S. government. What this mode accomplishes is to instill a sense of having an effect over the outcome of decisions. If nursing staff are subject to the decisions of a leader who refuses to take into consideration in any way the opinions of the staff, this leader might incite resentment if there are policies decided upon that the staff disapproves of. If there was a decision that was made that was arrived at by asking every single member who it affected, these members will be less likely to hold it against the leadership as they were partially responsible for the outcome. I have chosen to discuss democratic leadership primarily because it is the way our country works, and I think it is the most effective way to instill a sense of belonging in a group of people. It might not be possible to run every single decision by voting, whatever can be put to a vote should be put to a vote as much as possible. In this way the staff will feel as though they are able to influence their own

Issues in Global Business Burberry 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues in Global Business Burberry 2012 - Essay Example Small portion of the study discusses the impact of Profit before Tax on strategic buyback decision of Burberry. The company needs to expand their global franchise operation in order to decrease value chain cost. The study will focus on globalization strategy of Burberry Group plc in terms of retail distribution network. Report shows that direct control strategy of the company will help them to push total market capitalization in near future. Hybrid matrix structure of Procter and Gamble has been recommended for future growth Burberry Group. Hybrid matrix diagram will help the company to set up strategic business units in Asia and Latin America. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Case Statement 4 Strategy Analysis 5 Financial Perspective 5 Leverage Control 6 International Growth Strategy 8 SWOT Analysis 8 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 9 Strategic Theme 11 Conclusion 11 Recommendation 12 Reference 14 Burberry Burberry Group plc is a renowned global luxury brand. The company i s headquartered at London, England. Burberry Group plc was established by Thomas Burberry in the year 1856. The brand specializes in offering apparel and leather goods. Burberry Group plc offers products through diversified distribution network complemented by retail channel, wholesale, licensing channel and digital platform. The company has achieved a total revenue growth of 7% in the year 2011. Burberry has created a digital platform named as â€Å"Burberry World Live† in order to enhance their web visibility. Intraday market capitalization of the London based company is $5.3 billion while they maintain a profit margin of 12.1 % on category sales (Yahoo Finance, 2012). Case Statement Burberry Group plc has recently announced that they will directly operate in beauty and fragrance category. The company has no plan to continue license relationship with their partner Interparfums SA. Fragrance and beauty has been categorized as fifth product division for Burberry Group. The ot her four categories are accessories, women apparel, men apparel and children apparel. Angela Ahrendts (Chief Executive Officer of Burberry Group plc) has stated that they took the decision of direct control in order to achieve greater control over product portfolio of fragrance and beauty category. The CEO believes that the company has significant opportunities to drive growth from fragrance and beauty products and the move will also leverage infrastructure & upward integration of value chain. Direct operation of the company for fragrance and beauty categories will start from 1 April 2013. Burberry Group took the decision for following strategic objectives. Achieving greater brand control Increase penetration in opening price point categories The company will pay all total Euro 181 million for ending license relationship and ?71m of total amount will be used for recognising exceptional items The London based company will earn a adjusted profit before tax or PBT in financial year 201 3/14 and from FY 2014/15 the PBT will accelerate Retail and wholesale contribute 90% of total business for the company hence they will design diversified retail channels for their fifth product category (Burberry Group plc, 2012) Strategy Analysis Burberry has purchased the perfumes selling license from Interparfums SA by paying ?142m. Stock analysts believe that the company is pushing harder in the perfume and cosmetic segment in order to

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Questions - Assignment Example Finally they will formulate a screening process. Staffing professional will perform other duties apart from recruiting such as; 2. Training and evaluation- candidate while in probations staffing professionals will monitor their performance and make recommendations. They will advice management on whether to retrain or recruit another candidate(s). Organization’s effort of retaining their workforce in a given period of time (sometimes a financial year). Retention is targeted on high performing and valuable employees. The other group of low performers will be retrained or fired to save the organization some costs. 2. Training executives- staffing professional undertake executive training to improve competence and efficiency. Assessment is made before training to determine the strengths and weaknesses of individual executives. 5. After hiring the candidate must be trained while being monitored to ensure he qualifies in actual job environment. This period is known as probation and will influence the next step by the staffing managers. Management will find strategies to retain employees to reduce turnover costs. Retaining high performing employee will ensure continuity and avoid unnecessary recruiting costs. Strategies will range from training to motivation of the existing work force. Some low performing employees leaving will benefit the organization from making losses. Assessment of the workforce will show low performances. The organization is more profitable without their contribution. These employees might be placed in an area which they are unqualified hence leaving will benefit them. High morale and outstanding performance by employee will result in low turnover. Employee retention or non retention will result in high turnover an organization. To correct high turnover managers and staffing professionals will correct factors affecting retention. Staffing professionals are very crucial

The Electronic Electrical Engineering Engineering Essay

The Electronic Electrical Engineering Engineering Essay Electronic electrical engineering incorporated with mechanical system has a big impact in a variety of field, such as biomedical, underwater vehicle, safety and security, space and etc. Before we actually start discussing the benefits and advantages that electronic and electrical engineering gives us in our everyday life, lets have some insights of the history of electronic engineering. Electronic engineering as a profession sprang from technological improvements in the  telegraph  industry in the late 1800s and the  radio  and the  telephone  industries in the early 1900s. People were attracted to radio by the technical fascination it inspired, first in receiving and then in transmitting. Many who went into broadcasting in the 1920s were only amateurs in the period before  World War I. The modern discipline of electronic engineering was to a large extent born out of telephone, radio, and  television  equipment development and the large amount of electronic systems development during  World War II  of  radar,  sonar, communication systems, and advanced munitions and weapon systems. In the interwar years, the subject was known as  radio engineering  and it was only in the late 1950s that the term  electronic engineering  started to emerge. In underwater, electronic and electrical engineering is doing a paramount job in the development of underwater vehicle technology, such as submarine, remotely operated underwater vehicle, and more significantly, automated underwater vehicle. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is a robotic device that is driven through the water by a propulsion system, controlled and piloted by an onboard computer, and maneuverable in three dimensions. This level of control, under most environmental conditions, permits the vehicle to follow precise preprogrammed trajectories wherever and whenever required. Sensors on board the AUV sample the ocean as the AUV moves through it, providing the ability to make both spatial and time series measurements. Sensor data collected by an AUV is automatically geospatially and temporally referenced and normally of superior quality. Multiple vehicle surveys increase productivity, can insure adequate temporal and spatial sampling, and provide a means of investigat ing the coherence of the ocean in time and space. The fact that an AUV is normally moving does not prevent it from also serving as a Lagrangian, or quasi Eulerian, platform. This mode of operation may be achieved by programming the vehicle to stop thrusting and float passively at a specific depth or density layer in the sea, or to actively loiter near a desired location. AUVs may also be programmed to swim at a constant pressure or altitude or to vary their depth and/or heading as they move through the water, so that undulating sea saw survey patterns covering both vertical and/or horizontal swaths may be formed. AUVs are also well suited to perform long linear transects, sea sawing through the water as they go, or traveling at a constant pressure. They also provide a highly productive means of performing seafloor surveys using acoustic or optical imaging systems. When compared to other Lagrangian platforms, AUVs become the tools of choice as the need for control and sensor power increases. The AUVs advantage in this area is achieved at the expense of endurance, which for an AUV is typically on the order of 8- 50 hours. Most vehicles can vary their velocity between 0.5 and 2.5 m/s. The optimum speed and the corresponding greatest range of the vehicle occur when its hotel load (all required power except propulsion) is twice the propulsive load. For most vehicles, this occurs at a velocity near 1.5 m/s. The degree of autonomy of the robot presents an interesting dichotomy. Total autonomy does not provide the user with any feedback on the vehicles progress or health, nor does it provide a means of controlling or redirecting the vehicle during a mission. It does, however, free the user to perform other tasks, thereby greatly reducing operational costs, as long as the vehicle and the operator meet at their duly appointed times at the end of the mission. For some missions, total autonomy may be the only choice; in other cases when the vehicle is performing a routine mission, it may be the preferable mode of operation. Bidirectional acoustic, radio frequency, and satellite based communications systems offer the capability to monitor and redirect AUV missions worldwide from a ship or from land. For this reason, semi-autonomous operations offer distinct advantages over fully autonomous operations. In the outset of development of AUV, AUVs have been used for a limited number of tasks dictated by the technology available. With the development of more advanced processing capabilities and high yield power supplies, AUVs are now being used for more and more tasks with roles and missions constantly evolving. Its application covers a variety of field, such as in commercial, military, research, as well as hobby. In the commercial side, the oil and gas industry employs AUVs to sketch out detailed maps of the seafloor before they start building subsea infrastructure; pipelines and subsea completions can be installed in the most cost effective manner with minimum disruption to the environment. The AUV allows survey companies to conduct precise surveys or areas where traditional bathymetric surveys would be less effective or too costly. Also, post-lay pipe surveys are now possible. Whereas in the military field, AUV does play an important role as a typical military mission for an AUV is t o map an area to determine if there are any mines, or to monitor a protected area (such as a harbor) for new unidentified objects. AUVs are also employed in anti-submarine warfare, to aid in the detection of manned submarines. Apart from that, scientists use AUVs to study lakes, the ocean, and the ocean floor. A variety of sensors can be affixed to AUVs to measure the concentration of various elements or compounds, the absorption or reflection of light, and the presence of microscopic life. Sensors, the primarily oceanographic tools, AUVs carry sensors to navigate autonomously and map features of the ocean. Typical sensors used by AUV include  compasses, depth sensor, side scan and other sonar, magnetometers,  thermistors  and conductivity probes.  One of the most conspicuous contributions of electrical and electronic engineering incorporated with mechanical system is the navigation of AUV. AUVs can navigate using an  underwater acoustic positioning system. An  Underwater Acoustic Positioning System  is a system for the tracking and navigation of underwater vehicles or divers by means of acoustic distance and/or direction measurements, and subsequent position triangulation. Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems are commonly used in a wide variety of underwater work, including oil and gas exploration,  ocean sciences, salvage operations,  marine archeology, law enforcement and military activities. Basically, there are three broad types or classes that can be categorized in underwater acoustic positioning system. The first one is Long Baseline (LBL) Systems:  Long baseline systems, use a sea-floor baseline transponder network. The transponders are typically mounted in the corners of the operations site. LBL systems yield very high accuracy of generally better than 1 m and sometimes as good as 0.01m along with very robust positions. This is due to the fact that the transponders are installed in the reference frame of the work site itself (i.e. on the sea floor), the wide transponder spacing results in an ideal geometry for position computations, and the LBL system operates without an acoustic path to the (potentially distant) sea surface. Acoustic positioning systems measure positions relative to a framework of  baseline stations, which must be deployed prior to operations. In the case of a  long baseline (LBL)  system, a set of three or more baseline transponders are de ployed on the sea floor. The location of the baseline transponders either  relative to each other  or in global  must then be measured precisely. Some systems assist this task with an automated  acoustic self-survey, and in other cases  GPS  is used to establish the position of each baseline transponder as it is deployed or after deployment. When a surface reference such as a support ship is available,  ultra-short baseline  (USBL) or  short-baseline (SBL)  positioning is used to calculate where the subsea vehicle is relative to the known (GPS) position of the surface craft by means of acoustic range and bearing measurements. USBL systems and the related super short baseline (SSBL) systems rely on a small (ex. 230  mm across), tightly which is installed either on the side or in some cases on the bottom of a surface vessel. Unlike LBL and SBL systems, which determine position by measuring multiple distances, the USBL transducer array is used to measure the target  distance  from the transducer pole by using signal run time, and the target  direction  by measuring the  phase shift  of the reply signal as seen by the individual elements of the transducer array. The combination of distance and direction fixes the position of the tracked target relative to the surface vessel. Additional sensors including GPS, a gyro or electronic compass and a vertical reference unit are then used to compensate for the changing position and orientation (pitch, roll, and bearing) of the surface vessel and its transducer pole. USBL systems offer the advantage of not requiring a sea floor transponder array. The disadvantage is that positioning accuracy and robustness is not as good as for LBL systems. The reason is that the fixed angle resolved by a USBL system translates to a larger position error at greater distance. Also, the multiple sensors needed for the USBL transducer pole position and orientation compensation each introduce additional errors. Finally, the non-uniformity of the underwater acoustic environment cause signal refractions and reflections that have a greater impact on USBL positioning than is the case for the LBL geometry integrated transducer array that is typically mounted on the bottom end of a strong, rigid transducer pole. In the other hand short baseline systems use a baseline consisting of three or more individual sonar transducers that are connected by wire to a central control box. Accuracy depends on transducer spacing and mounting method. When a wider spacing is employed as when working from a large working barge or when operating from a dock or other fixed platform, the performance can be similar to LBL systems. When operating from a small boat where transducer spacing is tight, accuracy is reduced. Like USBL systems, SBL systems are frequently mounted on boats and ships, but specialized modes of deployment are common too. For example, the  Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  uses a SBL system to position the  Jason  deep-ocean ROV relative to its associated MEDEA depressor weight with a reported accuracy of 9  cm. Besides, GPS Intelligent Buoys (GIB) is also employed in AUV navigation; the systems are inverted LBL devices where the transducers are replaced by floating buoys, self-po sitioned by GPS. The tracked position is calculated in real time at the surface from the Time-Of-Arrival (TOAs) of the acoustic signals sent by the underwater device, and acquired by the buoys. Such configuration allows fast, calibration-free deployment with accuracy similar to LBL systems. At the opposite of LBL, SBL or USBL systems, GIB systems use one-way acoustic signals from the emitter to the buoys, making it less sensible to surface or wall reflections. GIB systems are used to track AUVs, torpedoes, or divers, may be used to localize airplanes black-boxes, and may be used to determine the impact coordinates of inert or live weapons for weapon testing and training purposes. In recent years, several trends in underwater acoustic positioning have emerged. One is the introduction of compound systems such the combination of LBL and USBL in a so-called LUSBL configuration to enhance performance. These systems are generally used in the offshore oil gas sector and other high-end applications. Another trend is the introduction of compact, task optimized systems for a variety of specialized purposes. For example the California Department of Fish and Game  commissioned a system, which continually measures the opening area and geometry of a fish sampling net during a trawl. That information helps the department improve the accuracy of their fish stock assessments in the  Sacramento River Delta. Hundreds of different AUVs have been designed over the past 50 or so years, but only a few companies sell vehicles in any significant numbers. Vehicles range in size from man portable lightweight AUVs to large diameter vehicles of over 10 meters length. Once popular amongst the military and commercial sectors, the smaller vehicles are now losing popularity. It has been widely accepted by commercial organizations that to achieve the ranges and endurances required to optimize the efficiencies of operating AUVs a larger vehicle is required. However, smaller, lightweight and less expensive AUVs are still common as a budget option for universities. Some manufacturers have benefited from domestic government sponsorship including Bluefin and Kongsberg. The market is effectively split into three areas: scientific (including universities and research agencies), commercial offshore (oil and gas etc.) and military application (mine countermeasures, battle space preparation). The majority of these roles utilizes a similar design and operates in a cruise mode. They collect data while following a preplanned route at speeds between 1 and 4 knots. Commercially available AUVs include various designs such as the small REMUS 100 AUV developed by  Wood Holes Oceanographic Institution in the US. Most AUVs follow the traditional torpedo shape as this is seen as the best compromise between size, usable volume, hydrodynamic efficiency and ease of handling. There are some vehicles that make use of a modular design, enabling components to be changed easily by the operators.   The market is evolving and designs are now following commercial requirements rather than being purely developmental. The next stage is likely to be a hybrid AUV/ROV that is capable of surveys and light intervention tasks. This requires more control and the ability to hover. Again, the market will be driven by financial requirements and the aim to save money and expensive ship time. Today, while most AUVs are capable of unsupervised missions most operators remain within range of acoustic telemetry systems in order to maintain a close watch on their investment. This is not always possible. For example, Canada has recently taken delivery of two AUVs (ISE Explorers) to survey the sea floor underneath the Arctic ice in support of their claim under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea. Also, ultra-low-power, long-range variants such as  underwater gliders  are becoming capable of operating unattended for weeks or months in littoral and open ocean areas, per iodically relaying data by satellite to shore, before returning to be picked up.

HYPNOSIS :: essays research papers

METHODOLOGY †¢ CASE STUDY RESEARCHES  INTERVIEWS  QUESTIONNAIRES What is Hypnosis? Hypnosis is a specific and unusual form of verbal control that apparently enables one person to control another person’s behavior, thoughts and perceptions. Examples of hypnosis: Under hypnosis, a person can be induced to bark like a dog, act like a baby, or tolerate pierced with needles. Importance of Hypnosis Hypnosis is important to psychology because it provides insights about the nature of consciousness and has applications in the fields of medicine and psychotherapy. Uses of Hypnosis Hypnosis can play a useful role in medicine, dentistry and psychotherapy. Thus, it can be used to suppress the pain of the childbirth or of having one’s teeth drilled. It is also useful in reducing the nausea caused by the drugs used in chemotherapy for cancer. Hypnosis can also be used to help people break a bad habit such as smoking. Finally, hypnosis is often used in psychotherapy to help patients discuss painful memories whose inaccessibility is impeding progress. Reasons for Hypnosis, not being used in every day life: Not all can be hypnotized The induction of hypnosis takes some time Habits reside largely in the subconscious. Willpower alone can't reach the subconscious. Hypnosis can HOW HYPNOSIS WORKS TO HELP PEOPLE QUIT SMOKING? Hypnosis can be an astonishingly powerful tool for shifting a person into becoming a nonsmoker. For some people, the results are miraculous. They emerge from their hypnosis session permanently convinced in body, mind and emotions that they will never light up a cigarette again. There is, however, a catch: the person must be fully willing to become a nonsmoker. Sometimes a prospective hypnosis client believes that the hypnotist can get him/her to quit smoking. That is not the truth. No one can help you quit something but yourself. But...if you've already made the decision to quit, what hypnosis can do is reinforce that choice, and make it much easier and more comfortable for you. DOES BEING HYPNOTIZED FEEL WEIRD? No. Most people experience hypnosis as a pleasant and normal sensation of deep relaxation. In fact, all of us go in and out of light hypnotic states every day. An example of this is daydreaming. WILL I FORGET EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS DURING MY SESSION? Although it's possible to relax so deeply that one doesn't remember her or his hypnosis session, most people remain fully aware of all that occurs. If this is a concern for you, ask your hypnotist to suggest to you that you will remember everything that has happened--and you will.